Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting deep venous thrombosis in patients with pelvic and acetabular fractures: a retrospective cohort study : Predictive model for pelvic/acetabular fractures.

PURPOSE: To construct a novel nomogram model that can predict DVT and avoid unnecessary examination. METHODS: Patients admitted to the hospital with pelvis/acetabular fractures were included between July 2014 and July 2018. The potential predictors associated with DVT were analyzed using Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis. The predictive nomogram was constructed and internally validated. RESULTS: 230 patients were finally enrolled. There were 149 individuals in the non-DVT group and 81 in the DVT group. Following analysis, we obtained the final nomogram model. The risk factors included age (OR, 1.037; 95% CI, 1.013-1.062; P = 0.002), body mass index (BMI) (OR, 1.253; 95% CI, 1.120-1.403; P < 0.001); instant application of anticoagulant after admission (IAA) (OR, 2.734; 95% CI, 0.847-8.829; P = 0.093), hemoglobin (HGB) (OR, 0.970; 95% CI, 0.954-0.986; P < 0.001), D-Dimer(OR, 1.154; 95% CI, 1.016-1.310; P = 0.027) and fibrinogen (FIB) (OR, 1.286; 95% CI, 1.024-1.616; P = 0.002). The apparent C-statistic was 0.811, and the adjusted C-statistic was 0.777 after internal validations, demonstrating good discrimination. Hosmer and Lemeshow's goodness of fit (GOF) test of the predictive model showed a good calibration for the probability of prediction and observation (χ2 = 3.285, P = 0.915; P > 0.05). The decision curve analysis (DCA) and Clinical impact plot (CIC) demonstrated superior clinical use of the nomogram. CONCLUSIONS: An easy-to-calculate nomogram model for predicting DVT in patients with pelvic-acetabular fractures were developed. It could help clinicians to reduce DVT and avoid unnecessary examinations.

Terpenoids from Euphorbia helioscopia and Their Cytotoxic Activities against H1975 Cells.

Three previously undescribed diterpenoids, helioscopnoids A-C, and eight known compounds were isolated from the whole plants of Euphorbia helioscopia. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of spectra and data comparison with previous literatures. Among them, compound 4 was identified as 24,24-dimethoxy-25,26,27-trinoreuphan-3ß-ol with revised configurations of C-13, C-14, and C-17 (13R*, 14R*, 17R*). Cytotoxicity assays revealed that all compounds exhibited varying levels of cytotoxicity against H1975 cells, with compound 9 displaying the most potent activity, as indicated by cell viability rates of 18.13 % and 20.76 % at concentrations of 20 µM and 5 µM, respectively. This study expands the understanding of E. helioscopia terpenoids' structural diversity and biological activities, contributing to the exploration of potential therapeutic applications.

Fabrication of a core-shell porphyrin-based magnetic covalent organic framework for effective extraction of PCPs in a wide polarity range.

A novel porphyrin-based magnetic covalent organic framework (PCOF) was first reported by using a facile synthetic procedure. The Fe3O4@NH2@PCOF nanospheres were utilized to effectively extract personal care products in a wide polarity range (log Kow values from 1.96 to 7.60). The successful magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) of target analytes could be ascribed to the sufficient oxygen-, nitrogen- and phenyl-containing functional groups of the COF layer, which are demonstrated to be of good compatibility with pollutants exhibiting different polarities by using molecular dynamics simulations, independent gradient model analysis and various characterizations. The MSPE extraction efficiency was enhanced by optimizing key parameters. The findings indicated that the method had a wide linearity range (1-500 ng mL-1 for parabens and UV filters) and low detection limits (0.4-0.9 ng mL-1 for parabens and 0.2-0.6 ng mL-1 for UV filters). The accuracy was reflected by recoveries ranging from 74% to 114%. Satisfactory intra- and inter-day precisions from 3.0% to 9.8% and 0.5%-9.1% were obtained. Overall, the proposed MSPE-HPLC method is accurate and reliable for identifying parabens as well as UV filters in wastewater and swimming pool water. The potential of the method for evaluating human exposure risk was unfolded.

Efficient activation of peroxymonosulfate mediated by Co(II)-CeO2 as a novel heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of refractory organic contaminants: Degradation pathway, mechanism and toxicity assessment.

A series of Co(II)-CeO2 mixed metal oxides were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal-calcination procedure for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and degrading toxic and difficult biodegradable organics. Co(II)-CeO2 showed excellent degradation performance toward rhodamine B (RhB), toluidine blue, methylene blue and diclofenac. RhB is a refractory organic contaminant, and ecotoxicological evaluation unraveled its harmfulness to the biosphere. RhB was selected as the model pollutant to investigate catalytic mechanisms. Parameters affecting degradation performance were profoundly investigated, including Co:Ce feed ratio, initial pH, PMS dosage, catalyst dosage, RhB concentration, coexisting ions and reaction temperature. Reaction mechanisms were proposed based on density functional theory calculations and identifications of reactive oxygen species. Improvements have been achieved in seven aspects compared to previous studies, including 100% degradation ratio in both real water samples and each reuse of the catalyst, ultrafast degradation rate, cost-effectiveness of the catalyst, toxicity-attenuation provided by the developed degradation method, high degree of mineralization for the model pollutant, negligible leaching of active sites, and the enhancement of catalytic performance by utilizing trace leached cobalt, endowing the technique with broad applicability and prospect.

Preparation of beta-cyclodextrin based nanocomposite for magnetic solid-phase extraction of organic ultraviolet filters.

A simple and efficient analytical method for organic UV filters (UV-Fs) in environmental samples has been established in this study. Taking advantage of the hydrophobicity on the inner cavity, hydrophilicity on the outer wall, and host-guest interaction provided by beta-cyclodextrin, a core-shell magnetic extraction material was firstly synthesized by using a facile method. The extractant was utilized in magnetic solid-phase extraction of UV-Fs in complex environmental samples, including beach sand, sediment and river water samples, followed by the quantitation using high-performance liquid chromatography. A series of factors affecting extraction efficiencies of seven UV-Fs were profoundly optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the linear ranges were at 5.0-5.0 × 102 ng mL-1 for the UV-Fs with regression coefficients (r) at 0.9984-0.9998. The limits of detection were from 0.12 to 1.4 ng mL-1. The recoveries were in the range of 84.2-109%. Furthermore, the molecular dynamics simulations and independent gradient model analysis were applied to reveal the adsorption configuration and interaction mechanisms between target analytes and the sorbent.

An in vitro assessment for human skin exposure to parabens using magnetic solid phase extraction coupled with HPLC.

Skin contact was a significant source of human exposure to parabens during the use of personal care products. In this study, a novel and simple in vitro evaluation method for human skin exposure to parabens was established for the first time. Firstly, magnetic porous carbon (MPC) derived from discarded cigarette butts was prepared as an adsorbent of magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE), which provided a fast and efficient sample preparation method with satisfactory extraction performance for parabens in cosmetics and was easy to couple with high performance liquid chromatography. Secondly, the extraction conditions were optimized including the etching ratio of KOH, amount of MPC, extraction time, pH, salt concentration, desorption solvent volume and desorption time. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection were between 0.25 and 0.34 ng mL-1 and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 85.8-112.6%. Thirdly, the developed method was successfully employed to determine five typical parabens in real unspiked cosmetic samples, and two parabens were detected at a relatively high level. Then, the developed method was applied to in vitro assays. The absorbable dose of parabens in cream was investigated and in vitro experiments were further designed with agarose-simulated skin to demonstrate the penetration ability of parabens. In conclusion, these results indicated that parabens did have the risk of entering the body through the skin and the exposure was preferably no more than 3 h with skin contact.

Magnetic porous biochar as a renewable and highly effective adsorbent for the removal of tetracycline hydrochloride in water.

In this study, discarded cigarette butts were used as a precursor for preparing magnetic porous biochar with a facile annealing method. The magnetic porous biochar was applied to remove tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) from aqueous solution. It exhibited excellent adsorption capacity for TCH, which was much higher than various similar materials reported. At the same time, the adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms of TCH were well fitted to the pseudo-second-order models and Freundlich models, respectively. The thermodynamics experiments proved that the adsorption on magnetic porous biochar was an endothermic reaction. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism was explored, and the outstanding adsorption ability was mainly dependent on the pore filling effect, electrostatic interaction, and π-π interaction. By using the magnetic porous biochar, the real water samples were treated and high removal efficiency to TCH was obtained. What's more, the excellent reusability endowed the magnetic porous biochar with great potential as adsorbents for practical application.

Insights into the structure-performance relationships of extraction materials in sample preparation for chromatography.

Sample preparation is one of the most crucial steps in analytical processes. Commonly used methods, including solid-phase extraction, dispersive solid-phase extraction, dispersive magnetic solid-phase extraction, and solid-phase microextraction, greatly depend on the extraction materials. In recent decades, a vast number of materials have been studied and used in sample preparation for chromatography. Due to the unique structural properties, extraction materials significantly improve the performance of extraction devices. Endowing extraction materials with suitable structural properties can shorten the pretreatment process and improve the extraction efficiency and selectivity. To understand the structure-performance relationships of extraction materials, this review systematically summarizes the structural properties, including the pore size, pore shape, pore volume, accessibility of active sites, specific surface area, functional groups and physicochemical properties. The mechanisms by which the structural properties influence the extraction performance are also elucidated in detail. Finally, three principles for the design and synthesis of extraction materials are summarized. This review can provide systematic guidelines for synthesizing extraction materials and preparing extraction devices.

Rational design and synthesis of magnetic covalent organic frameworks for controlling the selectivity and enhancing the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

A series of three-dimensional magnetic covalent organic frameworks were designed and synthesized via monomer selection, coating thickness optimization, and composite strategy transformation. Their structure properties including morphology, functional group, surface area, and pore size were characterized. The relationship between the structural properties and analytical performance was systematically investigated by density functional theory calculation and batch extraction experiments for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is proven that the extractant modified by monomer 1,4-phthalaldehyde provides a hizgh affinity for high molecule weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the right balance between extraction and elution efficiency. The relationship between coating thickness and mass transfer rate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was studied by accurate tuning of coating layers via layer-by-layer method. A mathematical model was derived and employed to determine that two coating layers were sufficient to provide the highest extraction efficiency with the shortest equilibrium time. The extractants synthesized by two different composite strategies (layer-by-layer and one-step) show opposite selectivity for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. After optimization of the extraction conditions, dispersed solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy method was developed providing a wide linear range (5-500 ng L-1), good linearity (R2 > 0.9923), high precision in intra-day (RSD% < 8.2%) and inter-day (RSD% < 12.3%) detection, and low detection limits (1.5-15.1 ng L-1). The method was applied to the simultaneous determination of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with acceptable recoveries, which were 87-109% for groundwater, 83-116% for East Lake water, and 82-116% for Yangtze River water samples.

Polyurethane foam membranes filled with humic acid-chitosan crosslinked gels for selective and simultaneous removal of dyes.

Polyurethane foam membrane filled with humic acid-chitosan crosslinked gels (HA-CS-PUF) for dye removal was prepared by soaking the foams into humic acid-chitosan (HA-CS) crosslinked gels and hot-pressing them into membranes. Scanning electron microscope, derivative thermogravimetry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to characterize the HA-CS-PUF membrane. Results showed that the interaction of HA and CS was mainly through ionic cross-linking between carboxyl and protonated amino groups. Three types of dyes, including positively charged methylene blue (MB), neutrally charged rhodamine B (RB) and negatively charged methyl orange (MO), were used to test membranes properties through static adsorption and membrane filtration experiments. It revealed that adsorption process was better fitted with Pseudo-second-order and Freundlich model. In membrane filtration experiments, we found that the retention rates of membrane 1 (ratio of HA to CS was 0:1) to MO and RB were 99.7% and 65%, respectively, and nearly no retention to MB. While membrane 4 (ratio of HA to CS was 0.2:1) can retain 97.7% of MO, 71.6% of RB and 62.1% of MB. Based on the experimental results, membrane 1 possessed the ability of selectively separating MB from MO/MB and RB/MB solutions, and membrane 4 can simultaneously retain RB and MB from RB/MB solution.

Carbon nanotube amendment for treating dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and hexachlorocyclohexane remaining in Dong-ting Lake sediment - An implication for in-situ remediation.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were largely sprayed on the floodplain soils before the project of Returning Farmland to Lake in China, which caused contamination of sediment in Dong-ting Lake with dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and posed threats to human health and other organisms. In this study, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at different concentrations of 0.058, 0.145 and 0.29wt% were used to manage residual DDTs and HCHs in Dong-ting Lake sediment. The efficacy was assessed by DDTs and HCHs deriving from the aqueous equilibrium experiment and uptake in semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). Desorption experiment and the quiescent flux experiment were conducted as well. The results showed that DDTs and HCHs were released from sediment. The p, p'-DDT was desorbed less readily than its metabolites and similarly α-HCH was desorbed less easily than other HCH isomers from sediment. Carbon nanotubes had great effects on treating DDTs and HCHs. The effectiveness of carbon nanotube amendment was dependent on type, dose and sediment-sorbent contact time In addition, carbon nanotubes being sprinkled on the surface of sediment as a cap and being injected into sediment as a mixture were considered as two effective ways to prevent DDTs and HCHs being released from sediment. Carbon nanotubes can be potentially useful as sorbents in in-situ remediation.

Photoluminescence of Ag nanoparticle embedded Tb3+/Ce3+ codoped NaYF4/PVP nanofibers prepared by electrospinning.

Ag nanoparticle embedded NaYF(4):0.05Tb.xCe/PVP (PVP stands for poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)) composite nanofibers have been prepared by electrospinning. A field emission scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffraction have been utilized to characterize the size, morphology and structure of the as-prepared electrospun nanofibers. Obvious photoluminescence (PL) of NaYF(4):0.05Tb.0.05Ce/PVP electrospun nanofibers due to the efficient energy transfer from Ce(3+) to Tb(3+) ions is observed. The PL intensity of the electrospun nanofibers decreases gradually with the addition of Ag nanoparticles. No obvious surface plasmon resonance enhanced luminescence is observed. The reasons for the weakening of the emission intensity with the addition of Ag nanoparticles have also been discussed in this work.

Cyan-white-red luminescence from europium doped Al2O3-La2O3-SiO2 glasses.

Aluminum-lanthanum-silicate glasses with different Eu doping concentration have been synthesized by conventional melt-quenching method at 1680 degrees C in reductive atmosphere. Under 395nm excitation, samples with low Eu doping concentration show mainly the cyan broad emission at 460nm due to 4f(6)5d(1)-4f(7) transition of Eu(2+); and the samples with higher Eu doping concentration show mainly some narrow emissions with maximum at 616nm due to (5)D(0)-(7)F(j) (J=0, 1, 2, 3, 4) transitions of Eu(3+). Cyan-white-red tunable luminescence under 395nm excitation has been obtained by changing the Eu doping concentration.

Tunable luminescence of CaO-Al(2)O(3)-GeO(2) glasses.

We report tunable luminescence in oxygen-deficient CaO-Al(2)O(3)- GeO(2) glasses. The glass samples were prepared by adding metal Al instead of corresponding oxide (Al2O3). Efficient blue and red emissions were observed when excited by 300 and 370 nm ultraviolet light, respectively. By adjusting the content of metal Al, we could control the quantities of the defects which results in tunable luminescence from blue to white to red. Furthermore the resultant oxygen-deficient glasses have shown bright white luminescence when the excitation wavelength tuned to 335nm. Our method opens a new route for the white light illumination.